2D and 3D Photonic Crystal Biosensors for Viral Detection: From Mechanisms to Biomedical and Environmental Applications

Abstract

Among prominent light manipulating structures and label-free detection biosensors, phonic crystal (PhC) biosensors, especially 2D and 3D constructs, provide a powerful platform to detect virus. This paper covers principles, fabrication methods and performance metrics of 2D and 3D PhC biosensors with a focus on how they can be sensitive, selective, and practical for use in real-time and at the point-of-care. Comparative analysis discusses advantages and challenges of the both designs, and their roles in biomedial diagnostics and environmental sensors application. PhCs open doors to next generation rapid diagnostics that could be integrated into lab-on-chip systems and microfluidics despite the current fabrication and commercialization challenges.

Keywords:  Photonic Crystals, Biosensors,  Viral Detection,  2D Photonic Structures, 3D Photonic Structures,  Point Of Care Diagnostics, Label Free Sensing,  And Optical Biosensing