Case Study of a Patient with Decompensated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Multiple Comorbidities: Implications for Personalised Care and Disease Modulation

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition characterised by persistently high levels of blood glucose resulting from the body cells’ resistance to insulin. Nutrition education and awareness regarding diabetes play a crucial role in counselling patients. A personalised nutrition care plan helps in managing the complex symptoms of T2DM. In this case report, we studied a complex case of T2DM, with the patient showing symptoms of high blood pressure, sweating, nocturia and increased hunger. Nutrition assessment comprising diet, medical, social, anthropometric and laboratory data was recorded. The patient was diagnosed with various comorbidities: hyperglycaemia, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, and each one was addressed by implementing medical nutrition therapy (MNT). A tailored diet plan and medicine regimen were designed to treat the complications. Counselling was provided throughout the session on every new approach. Patient, family and healthcare team active participation ensured the success of the programme.

Keywords

Diabetes, medical nutrition therapy, physical activity, nutrition education