Combined Effect of Ketamine with Diazepam and Ketamine with Midazolam for Neutering in a Dog Model

Abstract

Neutering is a common surgical technique performed in animals to remove the testicles. In dogs, it is performed to control the population to reduce the risk of rabies.  Neutering can be performed under general anesthesia on a dog, and it is the most painful and requires an ideal anesthetic combination that produces better analgesia, anesthetic effect, and muscle relaxation. Anesthesia is produced by drugs that decrease the activity of nervous tissue locally, regionally, or within the central nervous system. The combined use of ketamine with diazepam provides balanced anesthesia, which induces analgesia and unconsciousness, and midazolam is used in combination with ketamine for muscle relaxation and intramuscular absorption. In this study, 8 healthy male dogs were divided into two groups, A and B. Dogs in group A were anesthetized with ketamine and diazepam; however, in group B, the combination of ketamine and midazolam was administered. Results show that the onset of anesthesia was 8.01±0.41 and 6.5±0.29 minutes in groups A and B, respectively. The mean duration of anesthesia in both groups was 33.5±0.65 minutes in group A and 27.8±0.85 minutes in group B. The degree of anesthesia and analgesia was 2.65±0.36 and 2.54±0.05 in both groups; however, the degree of analgesia was 2.65±0.36 and 2.54±0.05, respectively. The recovery time in groups A and B was 61.01±1.29 and 51.50±1.44 minutes, respectively. Rectal temperature of dogs was 99.74±0.19 and 100.44±0.40 in groups A and B, respectively. The heart rate of dogs was 82.27±0.79 and 82.19±0.55 in groups A and B, respectively. The respiratory rate was 20.23±0.34 and 21.23±0.92 in groups A and B. It is concluded that both groups produced better anesthesia for neutering, but ketamine+midazolam had some disadvantages, such as urination and excessive salivation in dogs.

Keywords: Combined Effect, Diazepam, Dogs Model, Ketamine, Midazolam, Neutering