Differentiation of Stage-I Borderline and Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors using Computed Tomography Scan

Abstract

Background: Ovarian cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Stage-I Borderline Ovarian Tumors (BOTs) and Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors (MEOTs) are critical categories of ovarian tumors that share similarities but differ significantly in their clinical behavior and prognosis. Accurate differentiation between these two tumor types is essential for determining appropriate treatment plans. However, diagnostic challenges persist due to the overlapping clinical and imaging features of BOTs and MEOTs. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have proven to be an important tool in the diagnosis and assessment of ovarian tumors, yet their role in differentiating between Stage-I BOTs and MEOTs remains underexplored.

Objective: This study aimed to identify specific CT scan characteristics that can effectively differentiate between Stage-I Borderline and Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors, with a focus on improving diagnostic accuracy and patient management strategies.

Methodology: This observational, cross-sectional study analyzed CT scans from 140 patients with Stage-I ovarian tumors to differentiate between Borderline Ovarian Tumors (BOTs) and Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors (MEOTs). Key imaging features such as tumor shape, enhancement, and solid components were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with Chi-Square tests to assess the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CT in distinguishing the tumor types. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained from all participants.

Results: The study found that irregular tumor shapes (68.30%), strong enhancement (55.30%), and the presence of solid components (83.90%) were significantly associated with malignant tumors, whereas regular shapes and mild enhancement were more common in borderline tumors. CT scans demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy of 98.00%, with sensitivity of 97.26% and specificity of 97.78%. Chi-Square analysis revealed significant associations between tumor shape, enhancement, and septation with diagnostic outcomes.

Conclusion: CT imaging proved to be an effective tool in differentiating Stage-I Borderline and Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors. The identified imaging features, such as tumor shape, enhancement patterns, and solid components, are critical in improving diagnostic accuracy. This study highlights the importance of CT as a reliable tool for preoperative tumor classification, aiding in timely and accurate clinical decision-making. Further studies incorporating advanced imaging modalities and biomarkers may enhance diagnostic capabilities.